Simple past tense (-di)
equivalent tense in English: Simple past tense
example in English: He ate.
meaning: Something happened in the past.Things that have been finished.
| bu | this / these
| | ayakkabı | shoe(-lar , -ler) (-s) |
| ayakkabılar | shoes |
| bize | to us |
| tam | just, exactly |
| uymak | to fit , to suit |
| uydu | fitted |
| -du / -dü / -dı / -di | -ed (past tense) |
| Tamam | okey |
| baba | father |
| -n | your |
| bir | a / one |
| fare | mouse |
| bulmak | to find |
| bul | find |
| -du | -ed |
| şimdi | now |
| ne | what |
| yapmak | to do |
| -acak | will / is going to |
To form Simple past tense (-di) you simply add
the suffixes (-dı,-di,-du,-dü) and the personal
endings which are below
| -m | I |
| -n | you *(one) |
| - | He she it |
| -k | we |
| -niz | you *(two or more) |
| -ler | they |
| to the verb stem. |
(*-ti) -di becomes -ti after a hard consonant.
Example:
çektim = i pulled, sattım = i sold
| ödev | homework |
| -im | my |
| -i | accusative case |
| köpek | dog |
| -im | my |
| yemek | to eat |
| -di | -ed |
| yedi | ate (eated) |
| ne yazık ki | unfortunetly |
| diploma | diploma |
| -n | your |
| -ı | accusative case |
NEGATIVE
| yemin ederim | I swear |
| ki | that |
| hesap makinası | calculator |
| kullanmak | to use |
| kullan-ma-dı-m | use not did I |
As you can see to form negative suffix (-me / -ma) comes
between verb stem (kullan) and past tense suffix (-di) .
*** In negative forms, the syllable just before the
suffix -me / -ma (= not) is stressed.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
| Ben | -m |
| Sen | -n |
| O | VERB STEM + -DI + | - |
| Biz | -k |
| Siz | niz |
| Onlar | -lar/ -ler |
Examples
| | okumak | sevmek | aramak | gülmek |
| | (to read) | (to love,like) | (to search) | (to smile,laugh) |
| I | oku-du-m | sev-di-m | ara-dı-m | gül-dü-m |
| You | oku-du-n | sev-di-n | ara-dı- n | gül-dü-n |
| He she it | oku-du- | sev-di- | ara-dı- | gül-dü- |
| We | oku-du-k | sev-di-k | ara-dı-k | gül-dü-k |
| You | oku-du-nuz | sev-di-niz | ara-dı-nız | gül-dü-nüz |
| They | oku-du-lar | sev-di-ler | ara-dı-lar | gül-dü-ler |
SIMPLE PAST TENSE (NEGATIVE) didn't / did not
| Ben | -m |
| Sen | -n |
| O | VERB STEM + ME + -DI + | - |
| Biz | -k |
| Siz | niz |
| Onlar | -lar/ -ler |
Examples
| | okumamak | sevmemek |
| | (not to read) | (not to love,like) |
| I | oku-ma-dı-m | sev-me-di-m |
| You | oku-ma-dı-n | sev-me- di-n |
| He she it | oku-ma-dı- | sev-me-di- |
| We | oku-ma-dı-k | sev-me-di-k |
| You | oku-ma-dı-nız | sev-me-di-niz |
| They | oku-ma-dı-lar | sev-me-di-ler |
EXERSIZES
Try to translate these sentences.
Annem küçük bir köpek buldu. (anne - mother)
Hesap makinası satın aldım (satın almak - to buy)
Bugün kahve içmedim (bugün - today / kahve - coffee)
I did my homework
I haven't eaten (did not) eat anything (nothing) today. (nothing - hiçbir şey)
Translate this cartoon into Turkish
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